Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda: 2023 bizaba umwaka wamazi kubinyabiziga biremereye

Raporo iheruka ishingiye ku byahanuwe na futuriste Lars Thomsen yerekana ejo hazaza h’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu kwerekana imigendekere y’isoko.
Iterambere ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birateye akaga?Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, guta agaciro kw'ifaranga no kubura ibikoresho fatizo byateye amakenga ejo hazaza h’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Ariko iyo urebye iterambere ryigihe kizaza cyisoko muburayi, Amerika n'Ubushinwa, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera kwisi yose.
Nk’uko imibare ya SMMT ibigaragaza, mu Bwongereza mu mwaka wa 2022 hiyandikishije imodoka nshya zizaba 1,61m, muri zo 267.203 ni imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi meza (BEVs), zingana na 16,6% by’imodoka nshya, naho 101.414 ni ibinyabiziga byacometse.hybrid.(PHEV) Ifite 6.3% yo kugurisha imodoka nshya.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera byabaye ingufu za kabiri zizwi cyane mubwongereza.Uyu munsi mu Bwongereza hari ibinyabiziga bigera ku 660.000 n’amashanyarazi 445.000 acomeka mu mashanyarazi (PHEVs).
Raporo y’ikoranabuhanga ry’umutobe ishingiye ku byahanuwe na futuriste Lars Thomsen yemeza ko umugabane w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ukomeje kwiyongera, atari mu modoka gusa, ahubwo no mu modoka rusange n’imodoka ziremereye.Ahantu ho kugana haregereje mugihe bisi zamashanyarazi, amamodoka na tagisi bizaba bihendutse kuruta ibinyabiziga bikoresha mazutu cyangwa lisansi.Ibi bizafata icyemezo cyo gukoresha imodoka yamashanyarazi ntabwo yangiza ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo nubukungu bwiza.
Ahantu ho kugana haregereje mugihe bisi zamashanyarazi, amamodoka na tagisi bizaba bihendutse kuruta ibinyabiziga bikoresha mazutu cyangwa lisansi.
Ariko, kugirango duhangane n’umubare w’imodoka ziyongera, kandi ntidindize iterambere ryiterambere, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ugomba kwagurwa ku buryo bugaragara.Nk’uko Lars Thomsen abiteganya, ibisabwa mu bice bitatu byose byo kwishyiriraho ibikorwa remezo (autobahns, aho bigana n'amazu) biriyongera cyane.
Guhitamo neza intebe no guhitamo sitasiyo yo kwishyuza kuri buri ntebe ubu birakomeye.Nibigenda neza, bizashoboka kwinjiza mubikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza rusange bitanyuze mu kwishyiriraho ubwabyo, ahubwo binyuze muri serivisi zijyanye, nko kugurisha ibiryo n'ibinyobwa mu gice cyishyuza.
Urebye iterambere ryisoko ryisi yose, birasa nkaho inzira yo kongera ingufu zidasubirwaho itigeze ihagarara kandi ibiciro byamasoko yingufu bikomeje kugabanuka.
Ubu turi kugiciro cyamasoko yumuriro kuko isoko imwe yingufu (gaze naturel) ituma amashanyarazi ahenze cyane (hamwe nibindi bintu byinshi byigihe gito).Ariko, uko ibintu bimeze ubu ntabwo bihoraho, kuko bifitanye isano rya bugufi na geopolitike nubukungu.Mu gihe giciriritse cyangwa kirekire, amashanyarazi azaba ahendutse, ibintu byinshi bishobora kuvugururwa bizaboneka kandi gride izaba nziza.
Amashanyarazi azaba ahendutse, ingufu nyinshi zishobora kuvugururwa zizakorwa, kandi imiyoboro izaba nziza
Igisekuru cyakwirakwijwe gisaba gride yubwenge kugirango igabanye ubwenge imbaraga zihari.Kubera ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bishobora kwishyurwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose bidafite akazi, bizagira uruhare runini muguhuza urusobe mugukomeza umusaruro mwinshi.Kubwibyo, ariko, imicungire yimitwaro yingirakamaro nikintu gisabwa kuri sitasiyo zose zishyuza zinjira kumasoko.
Hariho itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo.Muri Scandinaviya, Ubuholandi n'Ubudage, urugero, iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo rimaze gutera imbere cyane.
Ibyiza byibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza nuko kurema no kuyishyiraho bidatwara igihe kinini.Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho kumuhanda irashobora gutegurwa no kubakwa mubyumweru cyangwa ukwezi, mugihe sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho murugo cyangwa kukazi bitwara igihe gito kuruta gutegura no kuyishyiraho.
Iyo rero tuvuze kuri "remezo" ntabwo tuba dushaka kuvuga igihe cyakoreshwaga mu kubaka imihanda minini n'ibiraro ku mashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi.N'ibihugu rero bisigaye inyuma birashobora gufata cyane, vuba cyane.
Mugihe giciriritse, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza rusange bizaba ahantu hose byumvikana kubakoresha nabakiriya.Ubwoko bwo kwishyuza nabwo bugomba guhuzwa n’ahantu: erega, amashanyarazi ya 11kW AC kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi niba abantu bashaka guhagarika ikawa cyangwa kurumwa kurya mbere y'urugendo rwabo?
Nyamara, ama parikingi yimodoka ya hoteri cyangwa imyidagaduro birumvikana cyane kuruta amashanyarazi yihuta cyane ariko ahenze cyane ya DC: parikingi yimodoka za hoteri, ibibuga by'imyidagaduro, ibyiza nyaburanga bikurura ba mukerarugendo, amaduka, ibibuga byindege na parike yubucuruzi.Amashanyarazi 20 ya AC kubiciro bya HPC imwe (High Power Charger).
Abakoresha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi baremeza ko hamwe ugereranije intera ya buri munsi ya kilometero 30-40 (kilometero 18-25), nta mpamvu yo gusura aho abantu bishyuza.Icyo ugomba gukora nukwinjiza imodoka yawe mumashanyarazi kumunsi kumurimo kandi mubisanzwe murugo murugo nijoro.Byombi ukoreshe guhinduranya (guhinduranya amashanyarazi), bitinda bityo bigafasha kongera igihe cya bateri.
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigomba kugaragara muri rusange.Niyo mpamvu ukeneye ubwoko bukwiye bwo kwishyuza ahantu heza.Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza noneho yuzuzanya kugirango ikore umuyoboro uhuriweho.
Ikizwi ariko, ni uko kwishyuza AC murugo cyangwa kukazi bizahora ari amahitamo ahendutse kubakoresha kuko ibiciro byinshi kandi byinshi bihinduka bitangwa kugeza 2025, bikagabanya kwishyurwa na gride.ingano yingufu zishobora kuboneka kuri gride, igihe cyumunsi cyangwa nijoro hamwe numutwaro kuri gride, kwishyuza icyo gihe uhita ugabanya ibiciro.
Hariho impamvu za tekiniki, ubukungu n’ibidukikije zibitera, kandi igice cyigenga (gifite ubwenge) gahunda yo kwishyuza hagati yimodoka, abakoresha sitasiyo yishyuza hamwe nabakora gride birashobora kuba ingirakamaro.
Mugihe hafi 10% yimodoka zose zagurishijwe kwisi yose muri 2021 zizaba imodoka zamashanyarazi, 0.3% gusa yimodoka ziremereye zizagurishwa kwisi yose.Kugeza ubu, imodoka zifite amashanyarazi aremereye zoherejwe gusa mu Bushinwa ku nkunga ya leta.Ibindi bihugu byatangaje gahunda yo guha amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga biremereye, kandi ababikora baragura ibicuruzwa byabo.
Ku bijyanye no gukura, turateganya ko umubare w’ibinyabiziga biremereye by’amashanyarazi mu muhanda byiyongera mu 2030. Iyo ubundi buryo bw’amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga biremereye bya mazutu bigeze aharindimuka, ni ukuvuga iyo bifite igiciro gito cyo gutunga, amahitamo azagenda yerekeza. amashanyarazi.Mugihe cya 2026, hafi ya yose ikoresha imanza hamwe nibikorwa byakazi bizagenda buhoro buhoro bigera aha.Niyo mpamvu, ukurikije ibiteganijwe, kwemeza ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri ibi bice bizaba bikomeye cyane kuruta ibyo twabonye mu modoka zitwara abagenzi mu bihe byashize.
Amerika ni akarere kugeza ubu kasigaye inyuma yuburayi mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Nyamara, amakuru agezweho yerekana ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika byiyongereye vuba mumyaka yashize.
Amafaranga make y’ifaranga n’ibiciro bya gaze hejuru, tutibagiwe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi bishimishije nkumurongo wuzuye wa vanseri namakamyo, byatumye habaho imbaraga nshya zo gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika.Isoko rimaze gutangazwa rya EV ku isoko ryiburengerazuba no muburasirazuba ubu riragenda ryimuka imbere.
Mu bice byinshi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nibyo byiza cyane, bitatewe gusa nibidukikije, ahubwo no kubwubukungu nibikorwa.Ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza amashanyarazi nabyo biragenda byiyongera muri Amerika, kandi ikibazo ni ugukomeza kwiyongera.
Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwifashe nabi cyane, ariko mu myaka itanu iri imbere bizava mu bitumizwa mu mahanga bijya mu mahanga.Biteganijwe ko ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu bizakira kandi bikerekana umuvuduko w’iterambere mu 2023, mu gihe inganda z’Abashinwa zizabona imigabane y’isoko mu Burayi, Amerika, Aziya, Oseyaniya n'Ubuhinde mu myaka iri imbere.
Kugeza mu 2027, Ubushinwa bushobora gufata 20% by'isoko kandi bukaba uruhare runini mu guhanga udushya no kugenda mu gihe giciriritse cyangwa kirekire.Birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kuri OEM gakondo yuburayi n’abanyamerika guhangana nabahanganye nabo: mubijyanye nibice byingenzi nka bateri na elegitoroniki, ubwenge bwubukorikori no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, Ubushinwa ntabwo buri imbere cyane, ariko cyane cyane, bwihuse.
Keretse niba OEM gakondo ishobora kongera cyane guhinduka kwayo guhanga udushya, Ubushinwa buzashobora gufata igice kinini cya pie mugihe giciriritse cyangwa kirekire.