Shakisha kuri Tekinike yo Gutangiza Amashanyarazi Yimodoka Yubwenge

Ese abayobozi bashinzwe ububiko bworoshye bakeneye kuba abahanga mu bijyanye ningufu kugirango bahuze n’imodoka ikura vuba (EV)?Ntabwo ari ngombwa, ariko barashobora gufata icyemezo cyarushijeho gusobanukirwa uruhande rwa tekiniki yo kugereranya.
Hano haribintu bimwe bihinduka kugirango ukurikirane, nubwo akazi kawe ka buri munsi kazenguruka cyane kubaruramari hamwe nubucuruzi kuruta amashanyarazi cyangwa gucunga imiyoboro.
Umwaka ushize abadepite bemeje miliyari 7.5 zamadorali yo kubaka umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi rusange y’amashanyarazi 500.000, ariko barashaka ko amafaranga yajya gusa mumashanyarazi ya DC afite ubushobozi buke.
Ntiwirengagize inyito nka "super-yihuta" cyangwa "inkuba-yihuta" mu iyamamaza rya DC.Mugihe inkunga ya reta ikomeje, shakisha ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya 3 byujuje ibisobanuro byavuzwe muri gahunda y’ibikorwa remezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi (NEVI).Nibura kubatwara imodoka zitwara abagenzi, ibi bivuze hagati ya 150 na 350 kW kuri sitasiyo.
Mugihe kizaza, amashanyarazi ya DC yamashanyarazi arashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa cyangwa muri resitora aho abakiriya basanzwe bamara igihe kirenze iminota 25.Amaduka akura byihuse bisaba ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bwa NEVI.
Ibisabwa byinyongera bijyanye no kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga no gukora bya charger nabyo biri mubishusho rusange.Abacuruzi ba FMCG barashobora kugisha inama abanyamategeko naba injeniyeri b'amashanyarazi kugirango babone inzira nziza yo gutsindira inkunga yo kwishyuza EV.Ba injeniyeri barashobora kandi kuganira kubijyanye na tekiniki bigira ingaruka cyane kumuvuduko wo kwishyuza, nko kumenya niba igikoresho ari ikintu cyihariye cyangwa cyubatswe.
Guverinoma y’Amerika irashaka ko imodoka z’amashanyarazi zigira kimwe cya kabiri cy’imodoka nshya zagurishijwe mu 2030, ariko kugira ngo zigere kuri iyo ntego zishobora gusaba inshuro 20 muri iki gihe amashanyarazi agera ku 160.000 y’amashanyarazi rusange y’amashanyarazi, cyangwa nk'uko bamwe babitekereza, hafi miliyoni 3.2 zose hamwe.
Ni he washyira ayo mashanyarazi yose?Ubwa mbere, guverinoma irashaka kubona byibura charger enye zo mu rwego rwa 3 buri kilometero 50 cyangwa irenga hafi ya koridoro nini yo gutwara abantu muri sisitemu ya leta.Icyiciro cya mbere cyamafaranga yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi yibanze kuriyi ntego.Umuhanda wa kabiri uzagaragara nyuma.
Imiyoboro ya C irashobora gukoresha gahunda ya federasiyo kugirango ihitemo aho gufungura cyangwa kuvugurura amaduka hamwe na porogaramu yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Ariko, ikintu cyingenzi nigihagije cyubushobozi bwurusobe rwaho.
Ukoresheje amashanyarazi asanzwe muri garage yo murugo, charger yo murwego rwa 1 irashobora kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi mumasaha 20 kugeza 30.Urwego rwa 2 rukoresha umurongo ukomeye kandi rushobora kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi mumasaha 4 kugeza 10.Urwego rwa 3 rushobora kwishyuza imodoka itwara abagenzi muminota 20 cyangwa 30, ariko kwishyuza byihuse bisaba imbaraga nyinshi..
Kuri buri charger yo murwego rwa 3 mububiko bworoshye, ibisabwa byingufu birashobora kwiyongera byihuse.Ibi ni ukuri cyane niba urimo gupakira ikamyo ndende.Bikorewe na charger yihuta ya 600 kWt no hejuru, bafite ubushobozi bwa bateri kuva kumasaha 500 kilowatt (kWt) kugeza megawatt 1 (MWh).Ugereranije, bisaba urugo rwabanyamerika ukwezi kwose gukoresha amashanyarazi agera kuri 890 kWh.
Ibi byose bivuze ko amamodoka yibanda kumashanyarazi yibikoresho bizagira ingaruka nini kumurongo waho.Kubwamahirwe, hari uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyo ukoresha kururu rubuga.Amashanyarazi yihuta arashobora gushirwaho kugirango ahindure uburyo bwo kugabana imbaraga mugihe urwego rwo kwishyuza ibyambu byinshi rwiyongereye.Reka tuvuge ko ufite sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ifite ingufu zingana na 350 kWt, mugihe imodoka ya kabiri cyangwa iya gatatu ihujwe nizindi sitasiyo zishyiramo muri iyi parikingi, umutwaro kuri sitasiyo zose zishyuza uragabanuka.
Intego ni ugukwirakwiza no kuringaniza gukoresha ingufu.Ariko ukurikije amahame ya federasiyo, urwego rwa 3 rugomba guhora rutanga byibuze kilowati 150 yumuriro, nubwo mugabana ingufu.Iyo rero sitasiyo 10 yo kwishyiriraho icyarimwe yishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi, ingufu zose ziracyari 1.500 kW - umutwaro munini w'amashanyarazi ahantu hamwe, ariko ntibisaba kuri gride kuruta sitasiyo zose zishyiraho zikora kuri kilowati 350.
Mugihe amaduka agendanwa ashyira mubikorwa byihuse, bazakenera gukorana namakomine, ibikorwa rusange, abashinzwe amashanyarazi n’abandi bahanga kugirango bamenye ibishoboka mu mbogamizi zikura.Gushiraho charger ebyiri zo murwego 3 birashobora gukora kurubuga runaka, ariko ntabwo umunani cyangwa 10.
Gutanga ubuhanga bwa tekiniki birashobora gufasha abadandaza guhitamo ibikoresho byo kwishyuza ibikoresho bya EV, gutezimbere urubuga, no gutanga amasoko yingirakamaro.
Kubwamahirwe, birashobora kugorana kumenya ubushobozi bwurusobe kuberako ibikorwa byinshi bidatanga raporo kumugaragaro mugihe insimburangingo irenze urugero.Nyuma ya c-iduka ryakoreshejwe, akamaro kazakora ubushakashatsi bwihariye bwimibanire, hanyuma butange ibisubizo.
Bimaze kwemezwa, abadandaza barashobora gukenera kongeramo amashanyarazi 480 volt 3 yicyiciro cya 3 kugirango bashyigikire charger ya Tier 3.Birashobora kubahenze kububiko bushya kugira serivise ya combo aho amashanyarazi akorera igorofa 3 hanyuma agakanda kuri serivisi yinyubako aho kuba serivisi ebyiri zitandukanye.
Hanyuma, abadandaza bagomba gutegura ssenariyo yo kwagura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Niba isosiyete yemera ko charger ebyiri ziteganijwe kurubuga ruzwi cyane zishobora kwiyongera kugeza kumunsi umwe, birashobora kubahenze gushira amazi yinyongera ubu kuruta gusukura kaburimbo nyuma.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abafata ibyemezo byububiko byungutse bafite uburambe bugaragara mubukungu, ibikoresho nibikoresho byikoranabuhanga mubucuruzi bwa lisansi.Inzira zibangikanye uyumunsi zirashobora kuba inzira nziza yo gutsinda amarushanwa mumarushanwa yimodoka zamashanyarazi.
Scott West ni injeniyeri mukuru wubukanishi, inzobere mu bijyanye n’ingufu, akaba n’umuyobozi ushinzwe imishinga muri HFA i Fort Worth, muri Texas, aho akorana n’abacuruzi benshi ku mishinga yo kwishyuza EV.Ashobora kuvugana na [imeri irinzwe].
Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Iyi nkingi yerekana gusa igitekerezo cyumwanditsi, ntabwo aribintu byoroshye kubika amakuru.